Search | Engineering

Subscribe Submit

Home Journals Focus Achievement Fronts About Us 中文版

Resource Type

Journal Article 6

Year

2023 1

2020 1

2019 1

2018 1

2016 1

2015 1

Keywords

Anaerobic treatment 1

Aspen Plus 1

Banana peels 1

Batch test 1

Biogas 1

Bluetongue virus 1

Bovine herpesvirus-1 1

Bovine herpesvirus-4 1

Bovine viral diarrhea virus 1

Cow manure 1

Embryo mortality 1

Immunosuppression 1

Kinetic study 1

Schmallenberg virus 1

biomass gasification 1

blue metal stones 1

carbon dioxide 1

cow dung cakes 1

cytokine 1

dairy cow 1

open ︾

Search scope:

排序： Display mode:

Performance analysis of solar still with cow dung cakes and blue metal stones

Hitesh N. PANCHAL

Frontiers in Energy 2015, Volume 9, Issue 2, Pages 180-186 doi: 10.1007/s11708-015-0361-y

Abstract: Here, blue metal stones and cow dung cakes were used as materials.The first and second solar stills were filled with blue metal, stones and cow dung cakes, while the thirdexperiments show that blue metal stones have the highest distillate output at daytime, followed by cowdung cakes solar still and reference solar still.On the other hand, the overall distillate output of blue metal stones and cow dung cakes at daytime as

Keywords： blue metal stones cow dung cakes distillate output solar still solar intensity

HTML PDF Collect

NUMERICAL MODELING OF BIOMASS GASIFICATION USING COW DUNG AS FEEDSTOCK

Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2023, Volume 10, Issue 3, Pages 458-467 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2023500

Abstract:

● Gasification of cow dung was evaluated using Aspen Plus software

Keywords： Aspen Plus biomass gasification manure of livestock and poultry simulation syngas

HTML PDF Collect

Modeling temperature and moisture dependent emissions of carbon dioxide and methane from drying dairy cow

Enzhu HU, Pakorn SUTITARNNONTR, Markus TULLER, Scott B. JONES

Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2018, Volume 5, Issue 2, Pages 280-286 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2018215

Abstract: Greenhouse gas emissions due to biological degradation processes of animal wastes are significant sources of air pollution from agricultural areas. The major environmental controls on these microbe-induced gas fluxes are temperature and moisture content. The objective of this study was to model the effects of temperature and moisture content on emissions of CO and CH during the ambient drying process of dairy manure under controlled conditions. Gas emissions were continuously recorded over 15 d with paired fully automated closed dynamic chambers coupled with a Fourier Transformed Infrared gas analyzer. Water content and temperature were measured and monitored with capacitance sensors. In addition, on days 0, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15, pH, moisture content, dissolved organic carbon and total carbon (TC) were determined. An empirical model derived from the Arrhenius equation confirmed high dependency of carbon emissions on temperature and moisture content. Results indicate that for the investigated dairy manure, 6.83% of TC was lost in the form of CO and 0.047% of TC was emitted as CH . Neglecting the effect of temperature, the moisture contents associated with maximum gas emissions were estimated as 0.75 and 0.79 g·g for CO and CH , respectively.

Keywords： carbon dioxide dairy manure methane moisture temperature

HTML PDF Collect

The relationship between progesterone and Th-related cytokines in plasma during early pregnancy in cows

Lei CHENG,Youdong XIN,Xiaohua LIU,Xiuzhong HU,Min XIANG,Dingfa WANG,Shuhong ZHAO

Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2016, Volume 3, Issue 2, Pages 147-152 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2016099

Abstract: In cows, progesterone (P4) is essential for the maintenance of pregnancy and successful embryo development is dependent on the maternal immunomodulation of Th-related cytokines. However, investigation of the relationship between P4 and Th immunity in cattle remains incomplete. Therefore, we evaluated plasma P4 concentrations and expressions of three Th-related cytokines, interleukins IL-1β, IL-4 and IL-6, in 15 pregnant and 11 non-pregnant cows 0, 14, 18, 21, and 28 d post artificial insemination. Pregnant cows had significantly higher plasma P4 levels and pregnant cows with higher P4 on 14 d tended to have higher P4 in the subsequent period of pregnancy. There was no difference in IL-4 and IL-6 expression between pregnant cows and non-pregnant cows, whereas plasma IL-1β was temporally upregulated on 21 d. The cytokines measured were not affected in either the high-P4 group (>11.1 ng·mL ) or the low-P4 group (<11.1 ng·mL ) in pregnant cows. A weak negative correlation between IL-1β and IL-6 was observed, but none of the cytokines was associated with a change in plasma P4. In conclusion, there was no clear relationship between P4 and Th immunity in maternal plasma in the pregnant cows, which differs from what occurs in humans and mice during early pregnancy.

Keywords： dairy cow progesterone pregnancy cytokine

HTML PDF Collect

Enhanced Biogas Production from the Anaerobic Batch Treatment of Banana Peels Article

Spyridon Achinas, Janneke Krooneman, Gerrit Jan Willem Euverink

Engineering 2019, Volume 5, Issue 5, Pages 970-978 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2018.11.036

Abstract: This study examines the effect of organic loading (OL) and cow manure (CM) addition on AD performance

Keywords： Biogas Banana peels Cow manure Anaerobic treatment Batch test Kinetic study

HTML PDF Collect

Importance of Viral Disease in Dairy Cow Fertility Review

D. Claire Wathes, Chike F. Oguejiofor, Carole Thomas, Zhangrui Cheng

Engineering 2020, Volume 6, Issue 1, Pages 26-33 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2019.07.020

Abstract:

Many viral diseases are endemic in cattle populations worldwide. The ability of many viruses to cross the placenta and cause abortions and fetal malformations is well understood. There is also significant evidence that viral infections have additional actions in dairy cows, which are reflected in reduced conception rates. These effects are, however, highly dependent on the time at which an individual animal first contracts the disease and are less easy to quantify. This paper reviews the evidence relating to five viruses that can affect fertility, together with their potential mechanisms of action. Acute infection with non-cytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) in mid-gestation increases abortion rates or causes the birth of persistently infected calves. BVDV infections closer to the time of breeding can have direct effects on the ovaries and uterine endometrium, which cause estrous cycle irregularities and early embryo mortality. Fertility may also be reduced by BVDV-induced immunosuppression, which increases the susceptibility to bacterial infections. Bovine herpesvirus (BHV)-1 is most common in pre-pubertal heifers, and can slow their growth, delay breeding, and increase the age at first calving. Previously infected animals subsequently show reduced fertility. Although this may be associated with lung damage, ovarian lesions have also been reported. Both BHV-1 and BHV-4 remain latent in the host following initial infection and may be reactivated later by stress, for example associated with calving and early lactation. While BHV-4 infection alone may not reduce fertility, it appears to act as a co-factor with established bacterial pathogens such as Escherichia coli and Trueperella pyogenes to promote the development of endometritis and delay uterine repair mechanisms after calving. Both Schmallenberg virus (SBV) and bluetongue virus (BTV) are transmitted by insect vectors and lead to increased abortion rates and congenital malformations. BTV-8 also impairs the development of hatched blastocysts; furthermore, infection around the time of breeding with either virus appears to reduce conception rates. Although the reductions in conception rates are often difficult to quantify, they are nevertheless sufficient to cause economic losses, which help to justify the benefits of vaccination and eradication schemes.

Keywords： Bovine viral diarrhea virus Bovine herpesvirus-1 Bovine herpesvirus-4 Schmallenberg virus Bluetongue virus Immunosuppression Embryo mortality